ONLINE PEDAGOGy
Online Pedagogy is not about using digital technologies for teaching, rather, it's about approaching those tools from a critical pedagogical perspective. So, it is as much about using digital tools thoughtfully as it is about deciding when not to use digital tools, and about paying attention to the impact of digital tools on learning. For more information visit: http://hybridpedagogy.org/digitalpedagogy
How can we root learning in pedagogy while integrating technology?
Principles of Online Pedagogy
- Principle 1: Let the students do (most of) the work. The more time students spend engaged with the content, the more they will learn.
- Principle 2: Interactivity is the heart and soul of effective asynchronous learning.
- Principle 3: Strive for presence: social, cognitive, and teaching presence.
Bill Pelz (2009), a Professor of Psychology and Sloan Consortium Award for Excellence in Online Teaching winner, provides three principles of effective online pedagogy (p. 3)
Bloom's Taxonomy
Benjamin Bloom published a framework of educational goals (1956) which was revised in the by former students of Bloom, Lorin Anderson with David Krathwohl (2001). The revised framework is as follows:
- Remembering
- Understanding
- Applying
- Analysing
- Evaluating
- Creating (Revised position) (Anderson and Krathwohl considered creativity to be higher within the cognitive domain than evaluation).
The current educational landscape is vastly different from that of either the 1950s or even that of 2001, rendering a lack of clarity as to where the levels of the taxonomy fit. As education heads further into the digital world, many of us struggle with where to place new technology tasks within this long-standing hierarchal guide to teaching and learning.
The Digital Taxonomy
Andrew Churches has become well known for his work in mapping Bloom's Taxonomy to digital tools, so that educators can get some ideas about how to use digital tools for learning and teaching. The primary goal in integrating these active learning strategies in the online environment is to engage students in higher-order thinking: analysis, evaluation, and creation (Decelle, 2016) The Revised Bloom's Taxonomy outlines six cognitive domains for educational processes: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating (Anderson, et al., 2001).
Image: https://www.teachthought.com/critical-thinking/ablooms-digital-taxonomy-for-evaluating-digital-tasks/
Image: https://learn.canvas.net/courses/942/pages/blooms-taxonomy-and-digital-tasks?module_item_id=144314
SAMR Model
SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition) is a model designed to help educators infuse technology into teaching and learning.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC5ARwUkVQg
Image: https://www.schrockguide.net/uploads/3/9/2/2/392267/blooms_samr.pdf
SAMR Model & Bloom
Image: https://www.schrockguide.net/uploads/3/9/2/2/392267/blooms_samr.pdf
Online collaborative learning
According to Harasim (2012), Online Collaborative Learning theory provides a model of learning that encourages students to work together to create knowledge in online learning environments. The video below provides an overview of Online Collaborative Learning theory.
References
Anderson, L.W., and D. Krathwohl (Eds.) (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and Assessing: a Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Longman, New York.
Bloom, B (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals. New YorkNY: Longmans, Green.
Decelle, G. (2016). Andragogy: A fundamental principle of online education for nursing. Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity, 9(2), 1263.
Harasim, L. (2012) Learning Theory and Online Technologies New York/London: Routledge
Pelz, B. (2019). (MY) THREE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ONLINE PEDAGOGY. Online Learning, 8(3). doi:10.24059/olj.v8i3.1819
Schrock, K. (n.d.). SAMR. Retrieved from https://www.schrockguide.net/samr.html
Anderson, L.W., and D. Krathwohl (Eds.) (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and Assessing: a Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Longman, New York.
Bloom, B (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals. New YorkNY: Longmans, Green.
Decelle, G. (2016). Andragogy: A fundamental principle of online education for nursing. Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity, 9(2), 1263.
Harasim, L. (2012) Learning Theory and Online Technologies New York/London: Routledge
Pelz, B. (2019). (MY) THREE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ONLINE PEDAGOGY. Online Learning, 8(3). doi:10.24059/olj.v8i3.1819
Schrock, K. (n.d.). SAMR. Retrieved from https://www.schrockguide.net/samr.html